Woolly-Necked Stork: Ecology, Conservation and Recent Sighting

Woolly-Necked Stork: Ecology, Conservation and Recent Sighting

The Woolly-Necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) is a medium-sized wading bird recently sighted in Tamil Nadu’s Thanjavur district, indicating the ecological relevance of agricultural landscapes. Characterized by a glossy black body, distinct white “woolly” neck, crimson eyes, and long red legs, it is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia.

Ecologically, the species inhabits wetlands, riverbanks, ponds, and notably paddy fields, showing remarkable adaptation to human-modified environments. It is largely resident but exhibits local movements based on water and food availability. Being carnivorous, it feeds on fish, amphibians, reptiles, and insects, playing a vital role in maintaining ecological balance.

Historically, the species was classified as “Vulnerable” due to declining populations; however, improved data led to its reclassification as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Despite this, threats such as wetland degradation, pesticide use, and habitat loss persist.