OZONE DEPLETION-1

PRERNA FOR IAS

         Mehnat Aapki, Guidance Humari

         Roz ki Prelims Practice — Experts ke Saath

OZONE DEPLETION-1

1. Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion refers to the thinning of the ozone layer present in the stratosphere due to the release of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl bromide. The ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun and protects life on Earth. Excessive depletion allows more UV-B rays to reach the Earth's surface, increasing the risk of skin cancer, cataracts, weakened immune systems, and damage to plants, animals, and marine ecosystems. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 has significantly reduced ozone-depleting substances, and the ozone layer is gradually recovering worldwide.

2. Harmful Effects of Ozone Depletion on Humans

Ozone depletion exposes humans to increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, causing several health problems. Excessive UV exposure increases the risk of skin cancer, premature ageing, sunburn, cataracts, and other eye disorders. It can weaken the immune system, reducing the body's ability to fight infections. UV radiation also damages DNA in skin cells, increasing the chances of genetic mutations and cancer. Long-term exposure may lead to corneal damage and vision impairment. People working outdoors, especially farmers, fishermen, and construction workers, are more vulnerable. Protecting the ozone layer is essential for safeguarding public health and reducing UV-related diseases.

3. Harmful Effects of Ozone Depletion on Plants

Plants are highly sensitive to increased ultraviolet radiation resulting from ozone depletion. Excessive UV-B radiation damages plant tissues, reduces chlorophyll formation, and lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis. As a result, plant growth slows, crop yields decrease, and seed quality deteriorates. Forest ecosystems also suffer because reduced growth affects biodiversity and carbon storage. Increased UV exposure damages plant cells, causing genetic mutations and reduced resistance to diseases. Agricultural crops such as wheat, rice, soybean, and vegetables may experience lower productivity. Ozone depletion therefore threatens food security, forest health, ecological balance, and sustainable agricultural development.

4. Harmful Effects of Ozone Depletion on Other Living Organisms