FOURTH ANGLO-MYSORE WAR (1798–1799)

PRERNA FOR IAS

FOURTH ANGLO-MYSORE WAR (1798–1799)

1. Background of the 4th Anglo-Mysore War

The Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) was the final conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore and the British East India Company. After the Third Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore had lost territory but remained a powerful state under Tipu Sultan. The British considered Tipu a major threat because of his military strength and his efforts to seek support from France. Governor-General Lord Wellesley adopted an aggressive policy to eliminate this threat. Political tensions, British expansionist ambitions, and fears of a French-Mysore alliance led to war. The conflict ultimately determined the future balance of power in South India.

2. British Preparations and Alliance

Before launching the war, the British carefully prepared a strong alliance against Tipu Sultan. Lord Wellesley united three major forces: the British East India Company, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Maratha Confederacy. This alliance isolated Mysore and deprived Tipu Sultan of potential support. The British also strengthened their military resources and planned coordinated attacks from different directions. Their strategy was to overwhelm Mysore with superior manpower and logistics. By creating a united front, the British ensured that Tipu would have to fight multiple enemies simultaneously. These preparations played a crucial role in the eventual British victory.

3. Beginning of the War

The war began in early 1799 when allied forces invaded Mysore from several directions. General George Harris led the main British army from Madras, while General Stuart advanced from the west. Forces from Hyderabad and the Marathas also supported the campaign. The British possessed greater resources, larger armies, and better supply lines. Tipu Sultan, despite his determination and military skill, faced overwhelming odds. Several battles and skirmishes took place as the British steadily advanced toward the Mysorean capital. The invasion demonstrated the effectiveness of British planning and marked the beginning of the final struggle for Mysore’s independence.

4. Siege of Srirangapatna