ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

PRERNA FOR IAS

ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

1. North Andaman

North Andaman is the northernmost major island of the Andaman group. It is known for its dense tropical forests, rich biodiversity, and hilly terrain. The island is home to Saddle Peak, the highest point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, rising to about 732 meters. Numerous rare plant and animal species are found here, making it ecologically significant. Agriculture, fishing, and forestry support the local economy. The region receives heavy rainfall due to the monsoon climate. North Andaman attracts tourists interested in nature, trekking, and wildlife. It plays an important role in conserving India's island ecosystems.

2. Middle Andaman

Middle Andaman lies between North Andaman and South Andaman and forms an important part of the Andaman archipelago. It is characterized by fertile land, dense forests, and scenic coastlines. Agriculture is widely practiced, with crops such as coconut, arecanut, and paddy being cultivated. The island contains mangrove forests, creeks, and diverse wildlife habitats. It serves as a link between the northern and southern islands through road and ferry connectivity. Tourism is gradually growing due to its natural beauty and peaceful environment. Middle Andaman contributes significantly to the economy and ecological balance of the island territory.

3. South (Lower) Andaman

South Andaman, often called Lower Andaman, is the most developed island in the Andaman group. It contains Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is known for its administrative importance, transportation facilities, and tourist attractions. Historical sites such as the Cellular Jail attract visitors from across India. Dense forests, beautiful beaches, coral reefs, and marine biodiversity enhance its significance. South Andaman has better infrastructure, educational institutions, and healthcare facilities than many other islands. It serves as the economic, cultural, and political center of the Union Territory and supports growing tourism activities.

4. Port Blair

Port Blair is the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and serves as the administrative headquarters of the Union Territory. Located on South Andaman Island, it is the main gateway connecting the islands with mainland India. The city is famous for the historic Cellular Jail, which played a significant role during India's freedom struggle. Port Blair has an airport, seaport, educational institutions, and government offices. Tourism is a major economic activity, supported by nearby beaches, islands, and marine attractions. The city combines historical importance with modern development and serves as the region's commercial center.

5. Little Andaman