FOUNDERS IN SCIENCE

PRERNA FOR IAS

FOUNDERS IN SCIENCE

(SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)

1. Niels Bohr (1885–1962) – Architect of the Bohr Atomic Model

Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who made major contributions to atomic theory. In 1913, he proposed the Bohr Model of the atom, which stated that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed energy levels or shells. According to his theory, electrons absorb energy to move to higher levels and release energy when they return to lower levels. This successfully explained the hydrogen atomic spectrum, which earlier models could not. Bohr’s ideas introduced important concepts of quantum theory and helped scientists understand atomic structure. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for his groundbreaking work.

2. Michael Faraday (1791–1867) – Father of Electromagnetic Induction

Michael Faraday was one of the greatest experimental scientists in history. He discovered electromagnetic induction, proving that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current. This principle became the foundation of electric generators, transformers, and modern power systems. Faraday also developed the first electric motor and introduced the con