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PRERNA FOR IAS
SPIROMETRY (LUNG FUNCTION TEST)
1. Spirometry (Lung Function Test)
Spirometry is a simple, non-invasive pulmonary function test used to measure how well the lungs work. It evaluates the amount of air a person can inhale and exhale, as well as the speed of airflow during breathing. The test helps diagnose and monitor respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and other lung disorders. Spirometry is safe, painless, quick, and highly reliable when performed correctly. It is commonly used during routine respiratory evaluations, before surgery, and to assess the effectiveness of treatment. The results are displayed as graphs called spirograms.
2. How is Spirometry Done?
Spirometry is performed using a device called a spirometer. The patient sits comfortably and wears a nose clip to prevent air from escaping through the nose. After taking the deepest possible breath, the patient seals their lips tightly around the mouthpiece and exhales as forcefully and completely as possible. The spirometer records both the volume of air exhaled and the speed of exhalation. The procedure is usually repeated three times, and the best result is selected for analysis. Proper patient cooperation and correct technique are essential for obtaining accurate and reliable lung function measurements.
3. Important Spirometry Parameters
Spirometry measures several important lung volumes and capacities. Tidal Volume (TV) is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the extra air inhaled after a normal inspiration, while Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is the extra air exhaled after normal expiration. Residual Volume (RV) is the air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation. Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum air exhaled after a deep breath. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁) are the most important measurements used clinically.
4. Spirogram
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Learn spirometry, a non-invasive pulmonary function test measuring lung capacity. Understand FEV₁, FVC, obstructive and restrictive patterns in lung diseases.
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