Nobel Prizes 2025,
(Based on the official Nobel listings)
1) Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 — “Quantum properties on a human scale”
- Laureates (2025): John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis.
- Prize motivation (core citation): “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.”
- Central scientific leap (in plain terms):
- Quantum behaviour (normally associated with atoms/particles) is observed and controlled in engineered electrical circuits at a macroscopic/real-device level.
- Two key quantum ideas highlighted by the citation:
- Quantum tunnelling: a quantum state crosses an energy barrier even when classical physics would forbid it.
- Energy quantisation: energy exists in discrete levels rather than a continuous range.
- Why it matters (