NEW KINGS AND KINGDOMS-2

PRERNA FOR IAS

         Mehnat Aapki, Guidance Humari

         Roz ki Prelims Practice — Experts ke Saath

NEW KINGS AND KINGDOMS-2

1. Vijayalaya Chola

Vijayalaya Chola was the founder of the medieval Chola dynasty. Around 848 CE, he captured Tanjore (Thanjavur) from the Pallavas and established it as his capital. This victory marked the beginning of the rise of the powerful Chola Empire. Vijayalaya was a brave ruler who laid a strong political and military foundation for his successors. He strengthened administration, consolidated his kingdom, and encouraged agriculture and religious activities. His achievements enabled later rulers such as Rajaraja I and Rajendra I to expand the empire further. He is remembered as the ruler who revived the glory of the Cholas.

2. Rajaraja I

Rajaraja I (985–1014 CE) was one of the greatest rulers of the Chola dynasty. He expanded the Chola Empire by conquering several neighboring kingdoms, including parts of Kerala and Sri Lanka. Rajaraja strengthened the administration, reorganized the army, and developed a powerful navy. His greatest architectural achievement was the construction of the magnificent Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur, a masterpiece of Chola architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site today. He promoted trade, irrigation, literature, and temple administration. Under his leadership, the Chola Empire reached great political, military, and economic strength.

3. Rajendra I

Rajendra I (1012–1044 CE) was the son and successor of Rajaraja I. He further expanded the Chola Empire through successful military campaigns in northern India and overseas expeditions to Southeast Asia, including the Srivijaya Empire. Rajendra established the new capital Gangaikonda Cholapuram to commemorate his victories. He maintained a powerful navy, encouraged maritime trade, and strengthened the administration inherited from his father. His reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of the Chola Empire. Rajendra's military achievements and efficient governance earned him recognition as one of India's greatest medieval rulers.

4. Chola Administration

The Chola administration was one of the most efficient systems in medieval India. The king was the supreme authority and was assisted by ministers, military officers, revenue officials, and other administrators. The empire was divided into Mandalams (provinces), which were further divided into Valanadus, Nadus, Kurrams, and villages (Ur) for effective governance. Officials supervised taxation, justice, irrigation, agriculture, public works, and military affairs. Regular revenue collection and disciplined administration ensured stability and prosperity. The Chola administrative system became a model of efficient governance and contributed greatly to the empire's long-lasting success.

5. Village Administration