MORLEY–MINTO REFORMS

PRERNA FOR IAS

MORLEY–MINTO REFORMS

(HISTORY)

1. Shimla Deputation (1906)

The Shimla Deputation of 1906 was an important political event in British India. A group of prominent Muslim leaders, led by Aga Khan, met Viceroy Lord Minto at Shimla to demand separate political representation for Muslims. They argued that Muslims should receive representation greater than their numerical strength because of their historical and political importance. The British government welcomed these demands as part of its divide-and-rule policy. The deputation significantly influenced the Morley–Minto Reforms of 1909, which introduced separate electorates for Muslims. It also encouraged the growth of communal politics and contributed to the formation of the Muslim League.

2. Morley–Minto Reforms / Indian Councils Act, 1909

The Morley–Minto Reforms, officially known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, were introduced by John Morley, Secretary of State for India, and Lord Minto, the Viceroy. The reforms aimed to increase Indian participation in governance while maintaining British control. The Act expanded legislative councils, introduced indirect elections, and allowed Indians to discuss budgets and ask questions. It also included Indians in executive councils. However, its most controversial feature was the introduction of separate electorates for Muslims. While the reforms represented a step toward constitutional development, they failed to establish responsible government and strengthened communal divisions in Indian politics.

3. Expansion of Legislati