MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF INDIA

PRERNA FOR IAS

MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF INDIA

1. Himalayas

The Himalayas are the highest and youngest fold mountain range in the world, stretching for about 2,400 km across northern India. They form a natural boundary between India and Tibet and pass through Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and neighbouring countries. The Himalayas are divided into the Greater Himalayas (Himadri), Lesser Himalayas (Himachal), and Shiwalik ranges. They are the source of major rivers such as the Ganga, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra. Rich in biodiversity, glaciers, forests, and medicinal plants, the Himalayas play a crucial role in India's climate, agriculture, water resources, and tourism.

2. Karakoram Range

The Karakoram Range is one of the world's highest mountain ranges, located in the northernmost part of India, Pakistan, and China. It is famous for its rugged terrain, massive glaciers, and snow-covered peaks. The range includes K2, the world's second-highest mountain, and Saltoro Kangri. It contains the Siachen Glacier, one of the largest glaciers outside the polar regions. The Karakoram acts as a strategic and geographical barrier, making it important for India's defence. The region experiences extremely cold temperatures and supports limited vegetation due to its harsh climate and high altitude.

3. K2 (Godwin Austen)

K2, also known as Godwin Austen, is the second-highest mountain in the world with a height of 8,611 metres. It is situated in the Karakoram Range. Although administered by Pakistan, India considers it part of the larger Jammu and Kashmir region. K2 is regarded as one of the most difficult mountains to climb because of its steep slopes, unpredictable weather, and frequent avalanches. It is often called the "Savage Mountain" due to the high risks faced by climbers. K2 is covered with glaciers and remains snow-covered throughout the year, attracting experienced mountaineers worldwide.

4. Kangchenjunga

Kangchenjunga is the highest mountain peak in India and the third-highest peak in the world, with an elevation of 8,586 metres. It lies on the border between India and Nepal in the eastern Himalayas. The name means "Five Treasures of Snow," referring to its five prominent peaks. Kangchenjunga is considered sacred by local communities, especially in Sikkim. The mountain supports rich biodiversity, including rare plants and animals. Due to religious beliefs, climbers traditionally stop just below the summit. It is a major attraction for mountaineers, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts from across the globe.

5. Nanda Devi