HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS (HMPV)

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HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS (HMPV)

1. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) – Definition

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, including the nose, throat, and lungs. It belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and contains single-stranded RNA as its genetic material. HMPV spreads mainly through respiratory droplets released during coughing or sneezing, close personal contact, and touching contaminated surfaces. It causes illnesses ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are most vulnerable. Most infections are self-limiting, but severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive medical care.

2. Symptoms of HMPV Infection

The symptoms of HMPV infection are similar to those of the common cold and other respiratory viral infections. Common symptoms include fever, cough, runny or blocked nose, sore throat, wheezing, shortness of breath, and fatigue. In most healthy individuals, symptoms are mild and resolve within one to two weeks with proper rest and hydration. However, in infants, older adults, or people with chronic lung diseases, the infection can progress to bronchitis or pneumonia, causing difficulty in breathing and requiring medical attention. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment help reduce complications and promote faster recovery from the infection.

3. High-Risk Groups

Certain groups are more likely to develop severe illness from HMPV infection. These include infants and young children, whose immune systems are still developing, and elderly individuals, whose immunity naturally declines with age. Pregnant women may also be at increased risk because of changes in the immune and respiratory systems during pregnancy. People with weakened immunity due to diseases or medications are highly susceptible to complications. Individuals with chronic lung diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are also at greater risk. These populations should seek medical care promptly if respiratory symptoms become severe.

4. Mode of Transmission