FATTY LIVER DISEASE (FLD)

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FATTY LIVER DISEASE (FLD)

1. Fatty Liver Disease (Definition)

Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) is a condition in which excessive fat accumulates inside liver cells. Normally, the liver contains only a small amount of fat, but when fat makes up more than 5–10% of the liver’s weight, it is considered fatty liver disease. In its early stages, the condition often causes no noticeable symptoms and may be discovered during routine health examinations. If left untreated, fatty liver can progress to inflammation (steatohepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. There are two major types: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD).

2. Common Causes of Fatty Liver Disease

Several factors contribute to the development of fatty liver disease. Obesity is the most common cause because excess body fat increases fat storage in the liver. Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance impair normal glucose metabolism, leading to fat accumulation. High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides also increase the risk. Excessive alcohol consumption damages liver cells and promotes fat deposition. An unhealthy diet rich in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and processed foods further contributes to fatty liver. Lack of regular physical activity slows metabolism and encourages weight gain, making fatty liver more likely to develop over time.

3. Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

Most people with fatty liver disease experience no symptoms during the early stages. As the disease progresses, common symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, and a feeling of discomfort or heaviness in the upper right side of the abdomen, where the liver is located. Some individuals may experience unexplained weight loss, particularly in advanced stages. Loss of appetite, nausea, and reduced energy levels may also occur. In severe cases, liver damage can lead to jaundice, swelling of the abdomen, and confusion. Early diagnosis is important because lifestyle changes can often reverse fatty liver before permanent liver damage occurs.

4. Prevention of Fatty Liver Disease