ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

PRERNA FOR IAS

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

1. Agriculture in the Harappan Civilization

Agriculture was the backbone of the Harappan economy and the primary occupation of its people. The fertile plains of the Indus River provided ideal conditions for farming. Harappans cultivated crops such as wheat, barley, peas, rice, and cotton. Seasonal floods deposited rich alluvial soil, making agriculture productive without extensive irrigation systems. Wooden ploughs were used to prepare fields, and surplus production supported trade and urban growth. Agriculture ensured food security and sustained large cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. The success of farming enabled the civilization to develop advanced economic, social, and cultural systems, making it one of the earliest urban civilizations.

2. Domestication of Animals

Animal domestication played an important role in the Harappan economy and daily life. Archaeological evidence from seals and figurines suggests that the Harappans domesticated animals such as cattle, buffaloes, oxen, goats, sheep, dogs, camels, and elephants. These animals were used for farming, transportation, trade, and food production. Cattle and oxen likely helped in agricultural activities and carrying goods. Goats and sheep provided milk, meat, and wool. The ho