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PRERNA FOR IAS
BIOSPHERE RESERVE
1. Biosphere Reserve
A Biosphere Reserve is a large protected area established to conserve biodiversity, ecosystems, and genetic resources while promoting sustainable development. Recognized under UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Programme, it balances environmental conservation with human welfare. These reserves protect wildlife, support research, encourage education, and allow sustainable use of natural resources.
2. Three Zones of a Biosphere Reserve
A Biosphere Reserve is divided into three zones. The Core Zone is strictly protected for conservation. The Buffer Zone surrounds the core and allows research, education, and limited activities. The Transition Zone permits sustainable human activities such as farming, settlements, and eco-friendly economic development while maintaining ecological balance.
3. Objectives of Biosphere Reserves
The main objectives of Biosphere Reserves are biodiversity conservation, protection of endangered species, promotion of ecological research, environmental monitoring, and sustainable development. They also create awareness among local communities about environmental protection. These reserves ensure that conservation efforts and economic development work together for long-term ecological sustainability.
4. Functions of Biosphere Reserves
Biosphere Reserves perform three major functions: Conservation, Development, and Logistic Support. Conservation protects ecosystems and species. Development promotes sustainable use of resources and community welfare. Logistic support includes research, monitoring, training, and environmental education. Together, these functions help maintain ecological balance and support sustainable livelihoods.
5. Biosphere Reserves of North and North-East India
Important Biosphere Reserves in North and North-East India include Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh), Nanda Devi (Uttarakhand), Khangchendzonga (Sikkim), Dihang-Dibang (Arunachal Pradesh), Dibru-Saikhowa and Manas (Assam), and Nokrek (Meghalaya). These reserves protect diverse ecosystems ranging from alpine habitats to tropical forests and rich wildlife.
6. Biosphere Reserves of Central, East and West India
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Learn about biosphere reserves, their three zones (core, buffer, transition), objectives, and major reserves across India including Nilgiri, Gulf of Mannar, and Sundarbans.
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