U.S. Federal Government Shutdown (2025): Institutional Deadlock and Its Broader Implications
The U.S. federal government shutdown of 2025 occurred after United States Congress failed to pass the annual spending bill before the new fiscal year began on 1 October 2025. The immediate trigger was the Senate’s inability to secure the required 60 votes to advance the appropriations bill, despite a simple majority in favour. This resulted in the su
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