TEN CRITICAL QUESTIONS ON CURRENT GEOPLOITICAL AND NATIONAL ISSUES – 158

PRERNA FOR IAS

(ASSOCIATE OF SAMKALP)

TEN CRITICAL QUESTIONS ON CURRENT GEOPLOITICAL AND NATIONAL ISSUES – 158

1. What lessons should India learn from the catastrophic floods in Nepal?

Answer: The Nepal floods show that Himalayan disasters are increasingly cascading and transboundary. The death toll has risen to 675, while thousands have been reported missing. India has provided tunnel-rescue experts, forensic assistance, relief supplies and bridge equipment. In my view, India and Nepal need permanent cooperation rather than emergency coordination after every disaster. Real-time river and glacier monitoring, satellite surveillance, resilient hydropower design, common warning protocols and pre-positioned rescue equipment are essential. India's role should be that of a capable first responder while respecting Nepal's sovereign leadership. Climate adaptation in the Himalayas is increasingly a regional security requirement.

2. Why is Uzbekistan strategically important for India's Central Asia policy?

Answer: Uzbekistan is important because Central Asia connects India's interests in energy, critical minerals, Afghanistan, connectivity and counter-terrorism. India-Uzbekistan trade was close to $1 billion in 2025-26, while Indian investment is also around $1 billion across pharmaceuticals, renewables, mining, IT and healthcare. The main limitation is India's lack of direct land access to Central Asia. In my view, India should therefore combine connectivity initiatives with sectors where it has comparative advantages—digital technology, pharmaceuticals, education, healthcare and capacity-building. India cannot match China's geographical and financial advantages everywhere, but it can become a reliable long-term development partner.