Note on Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pioneering work on immune system regulation, particularly the discovery and genetic control of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Their research fundamentally transformed the understanding of how the immune system maintains self-tolerance and prevents autoimmune diseases.
Firstly, Shimon Sakaguchi’s discovery in the mid-1990s challenged the long-held belief that immune tolerance was ensured only in the thymus through deletion of harmful immune c
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