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Context
India and the United States have signed a landmark bilateral framework agreement to strengthen secure and resilient supply chains for critical minerals and rare earth elements (REEs). The agreement seeks to reduce supply vulnerabilities and support emerging sectors such as semiconductors, electric vehicles, renewable energy, artificial intelligence, and advanced defence technologies.
Background
Critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earth elements are essential for modern technologies and clean energy transitions. At present, China dominates a large share of global rare earth processing and refining, creating concerns about supply chain concentration and geopolitical risks. To address these challenges, several countries have begun diversifying mineral sources and strengthening strategic partnerships.
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India-US Rare Minerals Agreement strengthens supply chains for critical minerals, rare earth elements, and semiconductors, reducing dependence on China and supporting clean energy and technology sectors.
Keywords