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Essay: India’s FTAs with Australia, UK and New Zealand — Economic, Defence and Geopolitical Impact
India’s entry into trade agreements with three members of the Five Eyes intelligence grouping—Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand—marks an important shift in India’s external economic strategy. Australia’s ECTA came into force on 29 December 2022; the India–UK CETA was signed in July 2025 and placed before the UK Parliament in January 2026; and the India–New Zealand FTA was signed on 27 April 2026, though New Zealand lists it as concluded but not yet in force.
The immediate economic impact is expansion of India’s market access in developed economies. Under the Australia agreement, 100% of imports from India into Australia became tariff-free, while many Australian exports to India also received tariff relief. This benefits Indian labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, gems and jewellery, leather, engineering goods, pharmaceuticals and processed foods.
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Explore India's FTAs with Australia, UK, and New Zealand—three Five Eyes members. Analyze economic gains, defence cooperation, and geopolitical implications for Indo-Pacific strategy.
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