Economic, Defence and Geopolitical Impact
Essay: India’s FTAs with Australia, UK and New Zealand — Economic, Defence and Geopolitical Impact
India’s entry into trade agreements with three members of the Five Eyes intelligence grouping—Australia, the United Kingdom and New Zealand—marks an important shift in India’s external economic strategy. Australia’s ECTA came into force on 29 December 2022; the India–UK CETA was signed in July 2025 and placed before the UK Parliament in January 2026; and the India–New Zealand FTA was signed on 27 April 2026, though New Zealand lists it as concluded but not yet in force.
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