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Sign in to searchBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS): Two Years of India's Digital-First Criminal Justice System
Context
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, completed two years of implementation on 1 July 2026. It marks a major transformation of India's criminal justice system by replacing colonial-era laws with a modern, technology-driven, and victim-centric legal framework.
Background
The Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860, drafted during British rule, served as India's principal criminal law for over 163 years. With the rise of cybercrime, organised crime, digital evidence, and evolving social needs, comprehensive reforms became necessary. Parliament enacted the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, along with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023. These laws came into force on 1 July 2024 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Salient Features
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Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita completes two years of implementation, replacing the IPC with a modern, digital-first criminal justice system emphasizing victim protection and technology-enabled investigations.
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