AI and Cyber Security: The Double Helix of Emerging National Security Threats

PRERNA FOR IAS

         Mehnat Aapki, Guidance Humari

         Roz ki Prelims Practice — Experts ke Saath

AI and Cyber Security: The Double Helix of Emerging National Security Threats

(Based on Article in HINDU dated 4th August 2026 by Mr. M.K. NARAYANAN)

History and Background

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed from a research technology into a strategic instrument influencing economic growth, military capability and national security. Simultaneously, cyberspace has emerged as the fifth domain of warfare after land, sea, air and space. Modern AI systems can analyse massive datasets, automate cyber-attacks, identify vulnerabilities, generate malware, manipulate public opinion through deepfakes, and support autonomous military operations. Recent conflicts in Ukraine and West Asia have demonstrated how AI-enabled surveillance, drones, cyber warfare and information warfare are reshaping modern battlefields. Consequently, AI and cyber threats have become deeply interconnected, creating a "double helix" of security challenges.

India's Threat Perception

India is among the world's fastest-growing digital economies, with extensive digital public infrastructure such as Aadhaar, UPI, DigiLocker and critical networks in defence, banking, energy, transport and telecommunications. These systems are increasingly vulnerable to AI-powered cyber attacks, ransomware, data theft, misinformation campaigns, election interference, deepfake propaganda and attacks on critical infrastructure. India's strategic competition with technologically advanced adversaries further heightens the risk of cyber espionage and AI-enabled hybrid warfare.

Consequences for National Security

AI-driven cyber attacks can disrupt power grids, financial systems, communication networks and military command structures. Deepfake technology can fuel communal unrest, damage democratic institutions and manipulate public opinion. Autonomous cyber weapons may reduce human oversight, increasing the risk of accidental escalation. Theft of sensitive defence, scientific and industrial data can weaken India's technological competitiveness and national security.

Global Responses

The United States has established the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and issued Executive Orders on safe AI. The European Union has enacted the AI Act and strengthened cyber resilience through the NIS2 Directive. Israel int