WATER CYCLE

PRERNA FOR IAS

WATER CYCLE

1. Evaporation

Evaporation is the process by which liquid water changes into water vapor due to the heat of the Sun. It occurs from oceans, rivers, lakes, ponds, and even wet soil. As water molecules gain energy, they escape into the atmosphere as invisible vapor. Evaporation is the first major step in the water cycle and helps transfer water from the Earth's surface into the atmosphere. Higher temperatures increase the rate of evaporation. This process plays a crucial role in maintaining the Earth's water balance and supporting weather systems. Without evaporation, clouds, rainfall, and the continuous circulation of water would not occur.

2. Condensation

Condensation is the process in which water vapor cools and changes back into tiny liquid water droplets. As warm, moist air rises into the atmosphere, it cools at higher altitudes. When the air reaches its dew point, condensation occurs around dust particles, forming clouds. Condensation is an essential stage of the water cycle because it leads to cloud formation and eventually precipitation. The amount of condensation depends on temperature and humidity levels. This process helps transfer water from the atmosphere back to the Earth's surface. Without condensation, clouds and rainfall would not form, disrupting the natural water cycle.

3. Precipitation