Parliament

PRERNA FOR IAS

Parliament

1. What is Parliament?

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the country. Under Article 79 of the Constitution, it consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). Parliament makes laws, discusses national issues, approves government policies, and ensures democratic governance. It acts as the voice of the people and the states at the national level. Through debates, discussions, and legislative procedures, Parliament holds the government accountable. It is one of the most important pillars of Indian democracy and plays a crucial role in nation-building and governance.

2. Structure of Parliament (Article 79)

Article 79 of the Indian Constitution provides for a bicameral Parliament consisting of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha. The President is an integral part of Parliament and gives assent to bills before they become laws. The Rajya Sabha represents the states and union territories, while the Lok Sabha represents the people of India directly. This structure ensures balanced representation of both citizens and states in the legislative process. The bicameral system promotes detailed scrutiny of legislation, prevents hasty lawmaking, and strengthens democratic governance by allowing broader participation in national decision-making.

3. Lok Sabha (House of the People)

The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament and represents the people of India. Members are directly elected by citizens through universal adult franchise. The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is 552 members, while the current strength is 543 elected members. Its normal term is five years unless dissolved earlier. The Lok Sabha plays a dominant role in lawmaking, especially regarding financial matters and Money Bills. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Speaker presides over its proceedings and ensures smooth functioning of debates, discussions, and legislative business.

4. Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

The Rajya Sabha is the upper house of Parliament and represents the states and union territories. It is a permanent body and cannot be dissolved. The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha is 250 members, while the present strength is 245. Members are elected indirectly by elected members of State Legislative Assemblies. One-third of its members retire every two years, ensuring continuity. The Vice-President of India serves as its ex-officio Chairman. Rajya Sabha reviews legislation, represents state interests, and contributes to informed debate and policy discussions. It acts as a revising chamber in the legislative process.

5. Functions of Parliament