DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)

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DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS (DVT)

1. Definition of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs. The clot partially or completely blocks blood flow, causing pain, swelling, and inflammation. DVT is a serious medical condition because the clot may break loose and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE), which is life-threatening. DVT can occur in people of any age but is more common in individuals with prolonged immobility, surgery, pregnancy, obesity, or clotting disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications and improve outcomes.

2. Causes (Risk Factors) of DVT

Several factors increase the risk of developing Deep Vein Thrombosis. Prolonged bed rest or immobility slows blood flow, increasing clot formation. Long flights or extended travel can have a similar effect. Surgery or trauma may damage blood vessels, while pregnancy increases clotting tendency. Other important risk factors include obesity, smoking, cancer, and the use of oral contraceptive pills or hormone therapy. Inherited clotting disorders and increasing age also contribute to risk. Identifying and managing these risk factors helps prevent DVT and reduces the likelihood of serious complications such as pulmonary embolism.

3. Symptoms of DVT

The symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis usually affect one leg, although both legs may occasionally be involved. The most common symptom is leg pain or tenderness, especially in the calf. The affected leg may become swollen, warm to the touch, and appear red or discolored due to inflammation. Some people also experience calf muscle cramps, heaviness, or tightness while walking or standing. In certain cases, DVT causes no noticeable symptoms and is discovered only after complications develop. Any sudden swelling or pain in one leg should be evaluated immediately by a healthcare professional.

4. Complication: Pulmonary Embolism (PE)