CAN INDIA PROTECT ITS SEAFARERS IN THE GULF?

PRERNA FOR IAS

CAN INDIA PROTECT ITS SEAFARERS IN THE GULF?

1. The Story So Far

The issue gained attention after three Indian seafarers were killed during U.S. military strikes on merchant vessels in the Gulf region. India strongly protested the attacks, emphasizing that civilian merchant ships should not become targets during military operations. The Indian government raised the matter diplomatically with the United States, highlighting the need to protect innocent seafarers working aboard commercial vessels. The incident has sparked debate about the safety of Indian sailors in conflict-prone maritime regions, the responsibilities of naval forces, and the adequacy of international maritime laws in protecting civilian shipping during geopolitical tensions.

2. Indian Seafarers Working in the Gulf

India is one of the world's largest suppliers of merchant navy personnel. Around 3.5 lakh Indian seafarers work on merchant ships globally, and approximately 23,000 serve in the Gulf region. Many are employed on foreign-flagged vessels carrying oil, gas, and commercial cargo. The Gulf region, particularly near the Strait of Hormuz, is strategically important but also vulnerable to military conflicts and piracy. Indian seafarers contribute significantly to global shipping and India's economy through remittances. Ensuring their safety has become an important responsibility for the Indian government amid rising regional security challenges.

3. What Happened to the Three Vessels?

Three merchant vessels—Marivex, Setebello, and Jalever—were reportedly attacked by U.S. naval forces during operations targeting ships suspected of violating sanctions. The attacks resulted in the deaths of three Indian seafarers aboard the MT Setebello, while other vessels also suffered damage. The United States claimed the ships were involved in transporting Iranian oil in violation of sanctions. However, India emphasized that civilian crews should not become casualties of geopolitical conflicts. The incident raised concerns about maritime safety, international law, and the protection of innocent seafarers working on commercial shipping routes.

4. Sanctions Imposed on the Ships

Some of the vessels involved had reportedly been placed under U.S. sanctions for allegedly transporting Iranian oil in violation of American restrictions. Such sanctions limit access to international financial systems, insurance coverage, ports, and shipping services. Ships under sanctions often face operational difficulties, including restricted trade opportunities and increased legal scrutiny. However, these sanctions primarily target commercial activities rather than civilian crews. The incident has highlighted the challenges faced by merchant vessels operating in politically sensitive regions and raised questions about balancing sanctions enforcement with the protection of innocent seafarers working aboard these ships.

5. Foreign-Flag Status of the Vessels

Many merchant ships employing Indian seafarers are registered under foreign flags, a practice known as Flags of Convenience (FOC). These vessels are legally governed by the country where they are registered rather than the nationality of the crew. As a result, India's direct legal authority over such ships is limited. Responsibility for regulation, safety standards, and legal matters mainly rests with the flag state. Although India can provide diplomatic assistance and protect its citizens, the foreign registration of these vessels often complicates rescue operations, legal intervention, and enforcement of international maritime regulations during crises.

6. What Can India Do to Protect Its Seafarers?

India has taken several measures to protect its seafarers in high-risk maritime regions. The Indian Navy conducts patrols, escorts merchant ships when necessary, and maintains surveillance in the Arabian Sea and Gulf region. Operation Sankalp was launched to ensure the safety of Indian merchant vessels following regional tensions. India also provides diplomatic support, coordinates with foreign governments, shipping companies, and international organizations, and issues security advisories for sailors. Strengthening maritime cooperation, improving intelligence sharing, enhancing naval capabilities, and ensuring better emergency response systems can further improve the safety of Indian seafarers abroad.

7. International Maritime Law and Civilian Protection

International maritime law, mainly governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), aims to ensure safe and secure navigation. These laws establish rules for shipping, environmental protection, and maritime safety. However, enforcing civilian protection during armed conflicts remains challenging. Merchant vessels operating in conflict zones often face risks from military operations, piracy, and sanctions. Strengthening international cooperation, improving legal enforcement, and ensuring compliance with humanitarian principles are essential to better protect civilian seafarers working in international waters.

8. The Gist (Key Takeaway)

The incident highlights the growing risks faced by Indian seafarers working in the strategically important Gulf region. While India has diplomatic influence and naval capabilities, its options are often limited because many affected vessels operate under foreign flags and fall under international maritime regulations. Protecting Indian sailors requires stronger international legal safeguards, improved maritime security cooperation, and effective diplomatic engagement. India must continue strengthening naval presence, emergency response mechanisms, and coordination with global maritime organizations. Ensuring the safety of civilian seafarers is essential for protecting India's shipping workforce and maintaining secure international trade routes.