AURANGZEB

PRERNA FOR IAS

AURANGZEB

1. Who Was Aurangzeb?

Aurangzeb Alamgir was the sixth Mughal emperor and one of the most influential rulers in Indian history. Born on 3 November 1618 at Dahod in present-day Gujarat, he was the son of Emperor Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal. Aurangzeb ruled the Mughal Empire from 1658 to 1707, making his reign one of the longest in Mughal history. He was known for his military skills, administrative discipline, and deep commitment to Islamic principles. Under his rule, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest territorial extent. However, his policies and actions remain subjects of debate among historians even today.

2. Struggle for the Throne

After Shah Jahan fell ill, a fierce war of succession broke out among his four sons—Dara Shikoh, Shuja, Murad, and Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb proved to be the most capable military leader and strategist. He defeated Dara Shikoh in battle, captured him, and eventually had him executed. He also neutralized his other brothers and imprisoned his father, Shah Jahan, in Agra Fort. By 1658, Aurangzeb secured the Mughal throne and crowned himself emperor. His rise to power demonstrated determination, political skill, and military strength, but it also marked a period of intense family conflict within the Mughal dynasty.

3. A Strict and Religious Emperor

Aurangzeb was known for his simple lifestyle and strong adherence to Islamic teachings. Unlike some earlier Mughal rulers, he avoided luxury and personal extravagance. He reportedly earned money for personal expenses by copying the Quran and stitching prayer caps. Aurangzeb considered himself a servant of Islam and aimed to govern according to religious principles. His personal discipline, honesty, and devotion earned him respect among many followers. However, his strict religious outlook also influenced state policies, which sometimes created tensions among different communities. His character reflects a ruler who valued faith, duty, and simplicity above personal comfort and wealth.

4. His Policies