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Sign in to searchCONSTITUTION
PRERNA FOR IAS
ARTICLE 81
(CONSTITUTION)
1. Article 81 – Composition of the Lok Sabha
Article 81 of the Constitution of India deals with the composition of the Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People. It specifies the maximum number of members, representation of states and Union Territories, and the method of election. The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament and represents the citizens of India through direct elections. Members are elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Article 81 ensures democratic representation by allocating seats according to population. It forms the constitutional foundation for the structure and functioning of India’s most important representative institution.
2. Total Strength of the Lok Sabha
Originally, Article 81 provided that the Lok Sabha could have a maximum strength of 552 members. Out of these, up to 530 members could represent the states, up to 20 members could represent Union Territories, and up to 2 Anglo-Indian members could be nominated by the President if necessary. However, the provision regarding Anglo-Indian nomination was abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 (effective 2020). At present, the Lok Sabha has 543 elected members. The size of the Lok Sabha reflects India's commitment to representative democracy by ensuring participation from all parts of the country.
3. Representation of States
Article 81 provides that states shall be represented in the Lok Sabha through elected members. Historically, up to 530 seats were allocated to the states. The distribution of seats among states is based on population, ensuring fair representation of citizens across the country. Larger states receive more seats because they have greater populations. Members are elected directly by the people through territorial constituencies. This arrangement ensures that the interests and concerns of different states are represented at the national level. State representation in the Lok Sabha is a key feature of India’s federal and democratic political system.
4. Representation of Union Territories
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Article 81 defines Lok Sabha composition, seat allocation for states and Union Territories, and the democratic election process through universal adult suffrage.
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